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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
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Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells
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Direct Quinone Fuel Cells.

Yan Yurko1, Lior Elbaz1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct hydroquinone fuel cells (DQFCs) offer a sustainable energy solution, outperforming direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) by three times. This novel system utilizes anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (AQDS) as a liquid hydrogen carrier and operates reversibly without anode catalysts.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry and Sustainable Energy Technologies
  • Materials Science for Energy Storage
  • Chemical Engineering for Fuel Cell Development

Background:

  • Growing demand for sustainable energy drives fuel cell technology adoption.
  • Liquid hydrogen carriers (LHCs) like methanol are used in direct LHC fuel cells (e.g., DMFCs).
  • Existing DMFCs face challenges with durability and cost due to high catalyst loadings and byproduct formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize direct hydroquinone fuel cells (DQFCs) using anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (AQDS) as a novel LHC.
  • To evaluate the performance of DQFCs compared to existing DMFC technology.
  • To demonstrate the potential for a reversible fuel cell system using quinone.

Main Methods:

  • Development of DQFCs utilizing AQDS as the liquid hydrogen carrier.
  • Continuous flow operation of quinone within the fuel cell system.
  • Optimization of operating conditions to maximize fuel cell performance.

Main Results:

  • DQFCs demonstrate a peak power density three times higher than state-of-the-art DMFCs.
  • The anode in DQFCs operates effectively without the need for any catalyst.
  • Quinone was successfully charged with protons in situ, establishing a reversible fuel cell system.

Conclusions:

  • DQFCs represent a promising advancement in fuel cell technology, offering superior performance and simplified design.
  • The catalyst-free anode and reversible operation highlight the potential of AQDS as an efficient LHC.
  • Further optimization of operating conditions can enhance the practical application of DQFCs for sustainable energy.