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Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
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Effects of a Complex Physical Activity Program on Children's Arithmetic Problem Solving and Arithmetic Reasoning

Gianpiero Greco1, Luca Poli1, Roberto Carvutto1

  • 1Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.

European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A 12-week complex physical activity (CPA) program significantly improved mathematics performance in middle school children. This intervention enhanced arithmetic skills and problem-solving abilities, suggesting a link between physical activity and academic success.

Keywords:
academic performancecognitive functionphysical exerciseschool-based physical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Exercise Science
  • Educational Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Physical activity is linked to improved cognitive function in children.
  • The specific impact of physical activity interventions on mathematics achievement requires further investigation.
  • Complex physical activity (CPA) programs integrate cognitive engagement, offering a potential avenue for academic enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week complex physical activity (CPA) intervention on the mathematics performance of third-grade middle school students.
  • To assess improvements in arithmetic problem-solving and reasoning abilities following the CPA program.
  • To examine the concurrent effects of the CPA intervention on children's physical fitness.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 128 children (aged 12–13) allocated to either a CPA intervention group or a waitlist control group.
  • The CPA group engaged in activities with cognitive components, while the control group received a basic activity program.
  • Mathematics performance was assessed using the AC-MT 11-14 test, and physical fitness was measured via standardized motor tests (e.g., 20 m shuttle run, push-ups).

Main Results:

  • The CPA intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in mathematics comprehension, production, arithmetic reasoning, and problem-solving (p < 0.001).
  • Substantial effect sizes (d) were observed for all mathematical outcomes, ranging from 1.32 to 2.50.
  • Significant enhancements in physical fitness were also noted in the intervention group, including improvements in the 20 m shuttle run, push-ups, curl-ups, and sit and reach tests.

Conclusions:

  • A 12-week complex physical activity (CPA) intervention program effectively enhances mathematical performance in third-grade middle school students.
  • CPA interventions show promise as a strategy to improve academic achievement and potentially mitigate academic failure.
  • Integrating cognitively engaging physical activity may offer a dual benefit for children's physical fitness and academic success.