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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

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Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

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Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells
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Circulating Regulatory B-Lymphocytes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study.

Igor Volodarsky1, Sara Shimoni1,2, Dan Haberman1

  • 1The Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 7661041, Israel.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory B cells (B-regs) are reduced in patients experiencing myocardial infarction (MI). This discovery offers new insights into the inflammatory processes driving plaque rupture in acute coronary syndromes.

Keywords:
acute coronary syndromeinflammationmyocardial infarctionregulatory B cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiology
  • Atherosclerosis research

Background:

  • Inflammation is a key factor in plaque instability and acute coronary syndromes.
  • The role of regulatory B cells (B-regs) in atherosclerosis has been investigated primarily in animal models with inconclusive findings.
  • This study is the first to examine circulating B-reg levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the levels of circulating B-regulatory lymphocytes (B-regs) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).
  • To compare B-reg levels in patients with MI to those with stable angina pectoris (SAP).
  • To explore the potential link between B-reg levels and the inflammatory pathophysiology of plaque rupture.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze circulating B-reg levels in 29 patients with ST-segment elevation MI and 18 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP).
  • B-reg levels were re-assessed in patients approximately 4 months after the initial measurement.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare B-reg levels between groups and assess correlations with clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • While CD20+ cell counts were similar between MI and SAP groups, levels of CD24hiCD38hi B-regs were significantly lower in MI patients (5.7 ± 4%) compared to SAP patients (11.6 ± 6%).
  • Reduced CD24hiCD38hi B-reg levels were independently associated with acute MI, even after adjusting for age, gender, and cardiovascular risk factors.
  • In a small cohort, circulating CD24hiCD38hi B-reg levels did not show significant changes at the 4-month follow-up in MI patients.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating regulatory B cells (B-regs), specifically the CD24hiCD38hi subset, are demonstrably reduced in patients following acute myocardial infarction (MI) compared to those with stable angina pectoris (SAP).
  • This reduction in B-regs may represent a significant factor in the inflammatory mechanisms underlying plaque instability and rupture in acute coronary syndromes.
  • Further research into the role of B-regs in atherosclerosis could elucidate novel therapeutic targets for managing inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.