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Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
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Polydopamine-Coated Alginate Microgels: Process Optimization and In Vitro Validation.

Iriczalli Cruz-Maya1, Simona Zuppolini1, Mauro Zarrelli1

  • 1Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Polydopamine coating on alginate microgels enhances their properties for cell growth. These core-shell microgels improve cell adhesion and proliferation, offering a new 3D model for studying cell interactions.

Keywords:
atomizationbioactive coatingscore-shellin vitro culture

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Alginate-based microgels are valuable as 3D extracellular matrix analogues supporting cell functions.
  • Developing advanced microgel systems is crucial for improving in vitro cell culture and study models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize core-shell microgels with polydopamine (PDA) coating on alginate microbeads.
  • To investigate the effect of PDA coating on the biomechanical and biological properties of alginate microgels.
  • To evaluate the potential of these modified microgels as a 3D model for studying cell interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of core-shell microgels via dopamine self-polymerization and in situ PDA precipitation onto alginate microbeads using electro fluid dynamic atomization.
  • Morphological (optical, SEM) and chemical (ATR-FTIR, XPS) analyses to confirm PDA presence and distribution.
  • Nanoindentation tests to assess biomechanical properties and in vitro assays (protein adsorption, viability) with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of core-shell microgels with PDA macromolecules confirmed on the surface.
  • PDA coating significantly reduced surface stiffness (σmaxALG = 0.45 mN vs. σmaxALG@PDA = 0.30 mN).
  • Enhanced protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and proliferation of hMSCs on PDA-coated microgels.

Conclusions:

  • PDA coating creates a favorable interface on alginate microgels, efficiently supporting cell activities.
  • The modified core-shell microgels demonstrate improved biocompatibility and cell-supportive functions.
  • These novel microgels represent a promising symmetric 3D model for in vitro cell interaction studies.