Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 13, 2025
10:29
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Published on: May 9, 2025
1.4K
Roadmap for Achieving Universal Antiretroviral Treatment
Simiso Sokhela1, Samanta Lalla-Edward1, Mark J Siedner2
1Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
|January 20, 2023
Summary
Modern antiretroviral therapy effectively manages human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), preventing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Challenges persist in pediatric treatment and managing comorbidities in aging HIV-positive adults, with new long-acting options emerging.
Area of Science:
- * Medicine
- * Virology
- * Public Health
Background:
- * Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management, preventing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and saving millions of lives globally.
- * The success of ART is attributed to scientific advancements, drug development, and public health initiatives, making daily oral medication accessible worldwide.
- * Despite progress, significant challenges remain in HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, particularly for pediatric and adolescent populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review the current state of HIV/AIDS management and treatment.
- * To identify persistent challenges in HIV care, including pediatric treatment and managing comorbidities in aging HIV-positive individuals.
- * To highlight emerging therapeutic options, such as long-acting antiretrovirals.
Main Methods:
- * Comprehensive literature review of antiretroviral therapy, HIV/AIDS epidemiology, and treatment guidelines.
- * Analysis of current challenges in HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment access.
- * Examination of the impact of HIV and antiretroviral toxicities on comorbidities in aging populations.
- * Overview of emerging long-acting antiretroviral agents for prevention and treatment.
Main Results:
- * ART effectively suppresses HIV, preventing AIDS and improving life expectancy.
- * Substantial disparities in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment access persist, especially in pediatric and adolescent populations.
- * Aging HIV-positive individuals face complex comorbidities influenced by HIV and ART, requiring further research and tailored treatments.
- * Novel long-acting antiretrovirals show promise for enhanced HIV prevention and treatment strategies.
Conclusions:
- * While ART represents a major medical success, ongoing efforts are crucial to address existing gaps in HIV care.
- * Future research should focus on optimizing treatment for pediatric populations, managing age-related comorbidities in HIV-positive adults, and developing innovative delivery methods like long-acting agents.
- * Continued advancements in antiretroviral therapy are essential for achieving global HIV/AIDS control and improving patient outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
46.4K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
46.4K
02:33Retroviruses
12.6K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.6K