The selective S-alkylation of a methionine residue in an elapid venom cardiotoxin

1. The reaction of cardiotoxin with iodoacetamide or iodomethane at pH 3.0 afforded the corresponding methionine sulphonium derivatives. The major products were S-alkylated at Met-26 whilst the minor products were S-alkylated at both Met-24 and -26. 2. Reaction with iodoacetamide under denaturing conditions led to a reversal of the relative abundances of the two derivatives in the respective reaction mixtures. 3. The derivative S-methylated at Met-26 was about 5-fold less toxic than the parent cardiotoxin. That derivatised at both Met-24 and -26 was non-toxic, indicating the importance of Met-24. 4. The results are discussed in the light of a structural model, previous chemical modifications and 1H-NMR data. It appeared that Met-24 is important for the integrity of an important structural feature of cardiotoxin.