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Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
Published on: September 23, 2022
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Douglas B Cines1, Andreas Greinacher2
1Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Perelman-University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
Abstract:
Within the first months of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, previously healthy recipients who developed severe thrombosis (often cerebral and/or splanchnic vasculature) and thrombocytopenia typically after adenoviral vector-based vaccination were identified. Similarities between this syndrome, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia prompted recognition of the role of antiplatelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies and management strategies based on IV immunoglobulin and nonheparin anticoagulants, which improved outcome. We update current understanding of VITT and potential involvement of anti-PF4 antibodies in thrombotic disorders.
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