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Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

All-optical physiology resolves a synaptic basis for behavioral timescale plasticity.

Linlin Z Fan¹, Doo Kyung Kim¹, Joshua H Jennings¹

¹Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

|January 20, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers uncovered how the hippocampus stores information by observing synaptic changes during learning in mice. This study details the neural mechanisms of behavioral timescale plasticity.

Keywords:

all-optical electrophysiology excitability hippocampal behavioral timescale plasticity imaging optogenetics place cells synaptic plasticity

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Last Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Synaptic Plasticity
Learning and Memory

Background:

Synaptic and circuit modifications are linked to learning, but the exact mechanisms for information storage in mammals are unclear.
Understanding these changes is crucial for deciphering memory formation in the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the synaptic mechanisms underlying hippocampal behavioral timescale plasticity.
To identify the specific neural pathways and cellular changes involved in storing information during learning.

Main Methods:

Combined genetically targeted voltage imaging with optogenetic activation and silencing of neurons in mice.
Studied plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus during navigation in a virtual-reality environment.
Recorded and modulated synaptic transmission in behaving mice.

Main Results:

Targeted optogenetic activation of individual CA1 cells induced stable place representations.
Presynaptic CA2/3 cell activity was essential for plasticity induction in CA1.
Synaptic input from CA2/3 onto CA1 cells was potentiated during the induction of place fields.

Conclusions:

Revealed the synaptic implementation of hippocampal behavioral timescale plasticity.
Established a methodology to study synaptic plasticity during learning and memory in behaving mammals.
Provides insights into how the hippocampus encodes spatial information and facilitates learning.