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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Past, Present, and Future.

Elisa Cainelli1, Patrizia Bisiacchi1,2

  • 1Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.

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|January 21, 2023
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Neurodevelopmental disorders have increased, prompting more research and redefinition. This review covers their history, current management, neurological links, and future directions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Significant rise in neurodevelopmental disorders prevalence and research interest in recent decades.
  • Evolution of diagnostic criteria and understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Growing recognition of the interplay between neurodevelopmental conditions and neurological pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of select neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • To examine current challenges in managing these disorders and their neurological associations.
  • To offer future perspectives on research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and contemporary research on neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Analysis of current management strategies and their efficacy.
  • Discussion of the relationship between neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key historical milestones in the study of neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Summary of current management approaches and associated challenges.
  • Elucidation of the complex relationship between neurodevelopmental and neurological pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders require ongoing research and evolving management strategies.
  • Understanding the neurological underpinnings is crucial for effective intervention.
  • Future research should focus on integrated approaches for improved patient outcomes.