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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

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Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
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Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Skin Barrier Function and Infant Tidal Flow-Volume Loops-A Population-Based Observational Study.

Martin Färdig1,2, Hrefna Katrín Gudmundsdóttir3,4, Angela Hoyer1

  • 1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Reduced skin barrier function, indicated by high transepidermal water loss (TEWL), eczema, or Filaggrin (FLG) mutations, was not linked to lower infant lung function. However, high TEWL showed an inverse association with peak expiratory flow.

Keywords:
PreventADALLeczemafilaggrininfantrespiratory function teststransepidermal water loss

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Health
  • Dermatology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • The connection between infant skin barrier integrity and lung function is not well understood.
  • Early life skin conditions like eczema and genetic factors like Filaggrin (FLG) mutations may influence respiratory health.
  • Investigating these links can inform early interventions for respiratory and skin conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if reduced skin barrier function (high transepidermal water loss [TEWL], eczema, FLG mutations) is associated with diminished lung function in 3-month-old infants.
  • To explore potential early indicators of respiratory health in relation to skin barrier status.
  • To add to the understanding of inter-organ development and health in infancy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the population-based PreventADALL cohort, including 899 infants with lung function measurements.
  • Assessed skin barrier function via transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and presence of eczema at three months.
  • Genotyped participants for common Filaggrin (FLG) mutations (R501X, 2282del4, R2447X) and analyzed tidal flow-volume loops for lung function parameters (tPTEF/tE, tPTEF).

Main Results:

  • Neither high TEWL, eczema, nor FLG mutations were significantly associated with a lower ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF/tE).
  • A high TEWL was inversely associated with a lower time to peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF) (adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.61 [1.08, 2.42]).
  • Eczema and FLG mutations did not show a significant association with reduced lung function parameters.

Conclusions:

  • In healthy 3-month-old infants, high TEWL, eczema, and FLG mutations are generally not associated with lower lung function.
  • An observed inverse association between high TEWL and tPTEF suggests a potential link between skin barrier health and lung function in early infancy.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the skin-lung axis in neonates.