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Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Pediatric Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A

Aušra Steponavičienė1, Sigita Burokienė1, Inga Ivaškevičienė1

  • 1Clinic of Children's Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza did not worsen outcomes for children with COVID-19. However, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 impacted younger children, while influenza affected older children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Co-infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with other respiratory pathogens can complicate disease course.
  • Understanding the interplay between COVID-19 and common pediatric respiratory viruses is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the rates, characteristics, and outcomes of pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza A/B infections.
  • To investigate the impact of coinfections on disease severity in children.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a pediatric emergency department.
  • Screening of 5127 children for SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and influenza A/B from October 2021 to April 2022.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 21.0% of children. Coinfection with RSV or influenza A occurred in 7.2% of COVID-19 patients.
  • RSV and SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affected children up to 2 years old, while influenza was more common in children aged 4-10 years.
  • Patients with COVID-19 and coinfection did not exhibit a more severe clinical course compared to those with single RSV or influenza infections. RSV infection was associated with higher hospitalization rates and need for respiratory support.

Conclusions:

  • Coinfection with RSV or influenza does not necessarily increase disease severity in pediatric COVID-19 cases.
  • RSV and SARS-CoV-2 impact younger children, whereas influenza affects older children, indicating age-specific patterns of these viral infections.

Keywords:
COVID-19RSVSARS-CoV-2childrencoinfectionsinfluenza A/Bpediatric emergency departmentscreening

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