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Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Milk Urea Nitrogen Concentration
Takula Tshuma1, Geoffrey Fosgate1, Edward Webb2
1Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|January 21, 2023
Summary
Ambient temperature and humidity significantly impact milk urea nitrogen (MUN) in Holstein cows. Understanding these environmental factors is crucial for accurate dietary management assessments.
Area of Science:
- Animal Science
- Dairy Science
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) is a key indicator of dietary protein status in dairy cows.
- Environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, can influence nutrient metabolism and excretion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of ambient temperature and humidity on MUN concentration in Holstein cows.
- To determine the relative contribution of environmental factors versus dietary factors to MUN variability.
Main Methods:
- Collected meteorological data (temperature, humidity) over six years, corresponding to milk sampling dates.
- Utilized linear mixed-effects and general linear models to analyze the association between environmental variables and MUN.
- Included factors like age, days in milk, temperature humidity index (THI), ration, milk yield, parity, and somatic cell count in the models.
Main Results:
- Maximum daily temperature and humidity showed a positive association with MUN concentration.
- The interaction between temperature and humidity had a negative association with MUN.
- Dietary crude protein (21%) and temperature (18%) were significant contributors to MUN variability, alongside unassessed factors (24%).
Conclusions:
- Ambient temperature and humidity significantly influence MUN concentration in dairy cows.
- Environmental conditions must be considered when interpreting MUN data for dietary management decisions.
- Further research should explore unassessed factors contributing to MUN variability.
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