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Area of Science:

  • Complex Systems
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Understanding emergent behaviors in systems with interacting active and passive components is crucial.
  • Self-organization and pattern formation are key phenomena in active matter systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the phase behavior and collective motion of a bidisperse system of active and passive particles coupled to a resource substrate.
  • To explore how varying parameters like density, resource dynamics, and particle ratios influence system organization.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of a bidisperse system with steric interactions.
  • Modeling active particles that deplete and move towards resources, coupled with passive particles.

Main Results:

  • At high densities, rich pattern-forming phases emerge, including partial and strong phase separation, mixed jammed states, and fluid phases.
  • Directed motion and flocking are observed, influenced by resource absorption/consumption rates and active-to-passive particle ratios.
  • Motility-induced phase separation occurs at higher resource recovery rates; flocking shows transient behavior and a critical density threshold.

Conclusions:

  • The system exhibits a wide range of emergent collective behaviors, from distinct phase separations to coherent flocking.
  • Parameter tuning (density, resource rates, particle ratio) allows for control over pattern formation and directed motion.
  • This study provides a comprehensive phase map for bidisperse active-passive particle systems interacting with a resource.