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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
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Introduction
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
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Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbial Translocation in Patients with First-Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation.

Leon Blöbaum1, Marco Witkowski1,2, Max Wegner1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.

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|January 21, 2023
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Summary

First-diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to increased intestinal permeability and microbial translocation, indicated by elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. This gut dysfunction may contribute to cardiovascular complications in early AF.

Keywords:
LPSatrial fibrillationbiomarkersendotoxaemiaendotoxinfibrosisgut-heart axisheart failureleaky gutmicrobial translocation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The leaky gut concept suggests microbial products like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enter circulation, triggering inflammation.
  • Elevated plasma LPS is noted in cardiovascular diseases, but its role in early atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation in patients with first-diagnosed AF (FDAF).
  • To explore the association between gut-derived endotoxemia and cardiovascular complications in early AF.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of plasma biomarkers in 80 FDAF patients and 20 controls.
  • Measurement of markers for mucosal inflammation (zonulin, MAdCAM-1), epithelial damage (IFABP), intestinal permeability (LPS, CD14, LBP), and endotoxemia (EndoCAbs).

Main Results:

  • FDAF patients showed increased markers of mucosal inflammation and intestinal damage compared to controls.
  • Surrogate markers of increased intestinal permeability and gut-derived endotoxemia were detected in early AF.
  • Higher LPS concentrations in FDAF patients correlated with major adverse cardiovascular events and suggested links to adverse structural remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation are associated with first-diagnosed AF.
  • Targeting gut permeability and low-grade endotoxemia may offer a therapeutic strategy for managing AF progression and cardiovascular risks.