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Fast Track Diagnostic Tools for Clinical Management of Sepsis: Paradigm Shift from Conventional to Advanced Methods
Ena Gupta1, Juhi Saxena2, Sanni Kumar1
1Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur Delhi Highway, Jaipur 303002, India.
Abstract:
Sepsis is one of the deadliest disorders in the new century due to specific limitations in early and differential diagnosis. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming the dominant threat to human health globally. The only way to encounter the spread and emergence of AMR is through the active detection and identification of the pathogen along with the quantification of resistance. For better management of such disease, there is an essential requirement to approach many suitable diagnostic techniques for the proper administration of antibiotics and elimination of these infectious diseases. The current method employed for the diagnosis of sepsis relies on the conventional culture of blood suspected infection. However, this method is more time consuming and generates results that are false negative in the case of antibiotic pretreated samples as well as slow-growing microbes. In comparison to the conventional method, modern methods are capable of analyzing blood samples, obtaining accurate results from the suspicious patient of sepsis, and giving all the necessary information to identify the pathogens as well as AMR in a short period. The present review is intended to highlight the culture shift from conventional to modern and advanced technologies including their limitations for the proper and prompt diagnosing of bloodstream infections and AMR detection.
Insights
Sepsis diagnosis is challenged by slow, inaccurate conventional methods. Modern techniques offer rapid pathogen identification and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) detection for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality, complicated by diagnostic challenges and the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
- Accurate and timely identification of pathogens and their resistance profiles is crucial for effective sepsis management and combating AMR.
- Conventional blood culture methods for sepsis diagnosis are time-consuming and can yield false negatives, especially with pre-treated samples or slow-growing organisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the transition from conventional to modern diagnostic technologies for bloodstream infections and AMR detection.
- To highlight the advantages and limitations of current and emerging diagnostic approaches for sepsis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of conventional and modern diagnostic techniques for sepsis and AMR.
- Comparative analysis of diagnostic accuracy, speed, and limitations.
Main Results:
- Conventional blood cultures are slow and have limitations, particularly with antibiotic pre-treatment.
- Modern diagnostic methods provide faster and more accurate pathogen identification and AMR quantification.
- Advanced technologies offer significant improvements in diagnosing sepsis and guiding antibiotic therapy.
Conclusions:
- A shift towards modern diagnostic technologies is essential for prompt and accurate sepsis diagnosis and effective AMR surveillance.
- Advanced diagnostics facilitate targeted antibiotic administration, improving patient outcomes and aiding in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
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