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Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time among Children in Japan before and during COVID-19: A

Chiaki Tanaka1, Akiko Shikano2, Natsuko Imai2

  • 1Department of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, 22 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8341, Japan.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|January 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Preschoolers' physical activity and sedentary behavior remained stable during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, longitudinal data revealed increased sedentary time and screen use, with decreased light physical activity and sleep in children during the pandemic.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted daily routines globally.
  • Understanding its effects on young children's health behaviors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), screen time, and sleep in Japanese preschoolers.
  • To compare pre-pandemic and pandemic periods using cross-sectional and longitudinal data.

Main Methods:

  • Accelerometer data collected from 5-6 year old children in Tokyo kindergartens (N=63 in 2019, N=49 in 2020).
  • Longitudinal analysis included 16 children with data from both periods.
  • Compared PA, SB, screen time, sleep duration, and executive function between cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Cross-sectional analysis showed no significant differences in PA, SB, screen time, or sleep between pre-pandemic and pandemic cohorts.
  • Longitudinal data indicated significant increases in SB and screen time.
  • Longitudinal data also showed significant decreases in light-intensity PA and sleep duration during the pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • While cross-sectional data suggest overall stability, longitudinal analysis reveals subtle but significant negative shifts in activity and sleep patterns during the pandemic.
  • These changes in Japanese preschoolers warrant further investigation, particularly disentangling pandemic effects from school transition impacts.

Keywords:
accelerometerchildrencognitive functionphysical activitysedentary behaviorsleep

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