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Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres
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Profiling Microbial Communities in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis.

Seeu Si Ong1,2, Jia Xu3, Choon Kiat Sim3

  • 1Women's Health and Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) has a complex microbial profile, differing significantly from lactational mastitis (LM). No single bacterial species definitively causes IGM, highlighting its polymicrobial nature.

Keywords:
16S rRNACorynebacteriumMaAsLin 2idiopathic granulomatous mastitismetagenomic sequencingmicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Inflammatory Diseases
  • Breast Health

Background:

  • Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign breast condition with an unclear cause.
  • Lactational mastitis (LM) is a common infection in breastfeeding women, serving as a contrast for etiological investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microbial etiology of IGM by comparing the bacterial flora in pus and skin samples from IGM and LM patients.
  • To identify potential microbial differences and associations in IGM pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from paired pus and skin swabs of 21 IGM and 3 LM patients.
  • Metagenomic analysis was conducted using a customized R-resource, with statistical comparisons of microbial profiles.
  • Multivariable association analyses were adjusted for antibiotic treatment and multiple comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Significant ecological dissimilarity was observed across IGM pus, IGM skin, LM pus, and LM skin samples (PERMANOVA, p < 0.001).
  • IGM pus samples exhibited higher microbial diversity than paired IGM skin samples (p = 0.022).
  • Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii was more abundant in IGM pus than skin (p = 0.022), alongside other significant species and genera, but no dominant causative agent was identified.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial profiles in IGM and LM are distinct.
  • The high inter-patient variability and polymicrobial nature of IGM pus samples preclude identifying a specific bacterial genus or species as the sole infectious cause.