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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

CRISPR-Cas9-based Genome Engineering to Generate Jurkat Reporter Models for HIV-1 Infection with Selected Proviral Integration Sites
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A CRISPR-Cas Cure for HIV/AIDS.

Mouraya Hussein1, Mariano A Molina1, Ben Berkhout1

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR-Cas gene editing offers a promising strategy to target the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir. This approach aims to activate host antiviral factors and inhibit viral replication, potentially leading to an HIV cure.

Keywords:
CRISPR-CasHIVhost factorsviral genes

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A Protocol for the Production of Integrase-deficient Lentiviral Vectors for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockout in Dividing Cells
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A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells
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A Protocol for the Production of Integrase-deficient Lentiviral Vectors for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockout in Dividing Cells
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A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain a significant global health challenge.
  • Current antiretroviral therapies manage viral replication but do not eliminate the virus or its latent reservoir.
  • Gene therapy presents a novel approach to target and potentially eradicate HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of CRISPR-Cas gene editing as a therapeutic strategy against HIV.
  • To explore the interplay between HIV infection biology, host restriction factors, and gene editing.
  • To discuss the potential of combined CRISPR-Cas approaches for HIV cure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CRISPR-Cas systems and HIV gene therapy.
  • Analysis of HIV infection mechanisms and host immune responses.
  • Evaluation of strategies for targeting both viral and host genes.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas gene editing platforms show significant promise for targeting the latent HIV reservoir.
  • Combined approaches targeting host and viral genes can simultaneously activate antiviral factors and inhibit replication.
  • Understanding HIV infection biology and host restriction factors is crucial for effective gene editing.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas gene editing is a leading candidate for developing a functional HIV cure.
  • Overcoming challenges in delivery and specificity is key to clinical translation.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing combined gene editing strategies for complete viral eradication.