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Published on: November 29, 2024
Recent Pharmacological Options in Type 2 Diabetes and Synergic Mechanism in Cardiovascular Disease
Aikaterini Andreadi1,2, Saverio Muscoli3, Rojin Tajmir1
1Department of Systems Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial disease with a critical impact worldwide. During prediabetes, the presence of various inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress will lead to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia will lead to micro- and macrovascular complications (cardiovascular disease, heart failure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerosis). The development through the years of pharmacological options allowed us to reduce the persistence of chronic hyperglycemia and reduce diabetic complications. This review aims to highlight the specific mechanisms with which the new treatments for type 2 diabetes reduce oxidative stress and insulin resistance and improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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