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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Quantitative Analysis of Cellular Composition in Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions of Smooth Muscle Cell Lineage-Tracing Mice
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Molecular Mechanisms in Genetic Aortopathy-Signaling Pathways and Potential Interventions.

Charlotte Xue Dong1, Cassandra Malecki1,2, Elizabeth Robertson1

  • 1Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Thoracic aortic aneurysms lack effective medical treatments, but understanding cell signaling pathways like TGF-β, WNT, and NOTCH offers potential therapeutic targets for this disease.

Keywords:
Marfananeurysmaortaendotheliumvascular smooth muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Thoracic aortic disease affects all ages, often with genetic causes in those under 60.
  • The pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm is less understood than abdominal aortic aneurysm.
  • Current treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysm is primarily surgical, with no effective medical therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine key cell signaling systems involved in aorta development and homeostasis.
  • To review evidence for the role of specific pathways in thoracic aortic aneurysm pathogenesis.
  • To explore potential novel therapeutic approaches targeting these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence on cell signaling pathways in aortic tissue.
  • Analysis of interactions between signaling pathways and cell types (endothelial, vascular smooth muscle).
  • Examination of data implicating pathways in human thoracic aneurysm.

Main Results:

  • Key pathways (TGF-β, WNT, NOTCH, PI3K/AKT, ANGII) regulate aortic cell growth, survival, and phenotype.
  • Crosstalk exists between pathways and cell types, influencing aneurysm formation.
  • Dysregulation of developmental pathways may predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysm, with genetic polymorphisms as a risk factor.

Conclusions:

  • Cell signaling pathways are critically involved in thoracic aortic aneurysm pathogenesis.
  • Therapeutic agents targeting these pathways, particularly those developed for cancer, show promise for future medical treatments.
  • Future research should focus on cell-specific targeting and reduced toxicity for effective therapies.