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COVID-19 Vaccines during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review

Blanca Novillo1, Alicia Martínez-Varea1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|January 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding individuals, offering protection against severe illness and providing passive immunity to newborns. Vaccination is safe, with minor side effects like injection site pain.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pregnant and breastfeeding women lacked clear COVID-19 vaccine guidance initially.
  • Exclusion from early clinical trials created uncertainty.
  • This review addresses COVID-19 vaccination data for these populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update knowledge on COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • To synthesize evidence on safety and efficacy.
  • To inform clinical recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review using Medline/PubMed.
  • Adherence to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Inclusion of studies on COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Main Results:

  • 33 studies analyzed; common adverse effect is injection site pain.
  • More frequent side effects after the second dose, slightly more with Moderna.
  • Vaccination reduces severe COVID-19 risk in pregnant women.
  • Induces maternal active and neonatal passive immunity; breast milk provides antibody and cellular protection.
  • Neonatal benefits include robust Immunoglobulin G response; infection yields Immunoglobulin A response.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 vaccines are strongly recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding individuals.
  • Vaccination protects both mothers and newborns.
  • Evidence supports vaccine safety and immunogenicity in these groups.

Keywords:
COVID-19breastfeedingimmunoglobulinpregnancyvaccines

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