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Metastasis

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

Bone Metastasis in Bladder Cancer.

Lei Yi¹, Kai Ai¹, Xurui Li¹

¹Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China.

Journal of Personalized Medicine

|January 21, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder cancer (BCa) metastasis to bone significantly reduces survival. Understanding the mechanisms of bone metastasis (BM) is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:

BCa bone metastasis bone microenvironment management preclinical model

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Last Updated: Aug 13, 2025

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Cancer Metastasis

Background:

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a significant global malignancy, ranking 10th in incidence and 13th in mortality.
Bone metastasis (BM) occurs in approximately 5% of initial BCa cases, drastically reducing one-year survival from 84% to 21%.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanisms of bladder cancer metastasis to bone.
To highlight the need for advanced preclinical models for studying BCa bone metastasis.
To review current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for BCa with BM.

Main Methods:

Literature review on BCa metastasis pathways, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and bone microenvironment interactions.
Analysis of diagnostic imaging modalities for bone metastasis.
Compilation of current treatment options for BCa patients with bone metastasis.

Main Results:

BCa bone metastasis involves complex processes like EMT, angiogenesis, and bone microenvironment interactions.
Current imaging techniques like PET-CT have limitations in diagnosing BM compared to bone scans or MRI.
A range of treatments exist, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

Further research and preclinical models are essential to fully understand BCa bone metastasis mechanisms.
Effective management of BCa with BM requires a multimodal approach to improve survival and quality of life.
Optimizing diagnosis and treatment strategies is critical for patients with advanced bladder cancer and bone involvement.