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Related Concept Videos

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Biofilms

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

Biological Methods for Microbial Control

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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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Therapeutic Strategies against Biofilm Infections.

Sonal Mishra1, Amit Gupta1, Vijay Upadhye2

  • 1Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Biofilm infections are difficult to treat with antibiotics alone due to microbial resistance. Nanoparticle-based strategies show promise for eradicating biofilms by targeting their structure and resistance mechanisms.

Keywords:
EPS matrixbiofilmbiofilm infectionsdrug resistancenanoparticlesquorum sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Biofilms are microbial communities encased in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, causing persistent infections in humans and animals.
  • Conventional antibiotic and antimicrobial therapies are often ineffective against biofilms due to inherent resistance mechanisms.
  • Developing novel strategies is crucial for effectively treating biofilm infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and future therapeutic strategies for combating microbial biofilms.
  • To explore how advancements in nanoparticle synthesis, particularly metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), can be applied to biofilm treatment.
  • To address key biofilm characteristics, including the EPS matrix, quorum sensing (QS), and dormant cells, as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biofilm treatment strategies.
  • Focus on nanoparticle-based therapies and their application against biofilms.
  • Analysis of emerging approaches like nanotechnology, QS inhibition, and photodynamic therapy.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrate significant efficacy against various bacterial biofilms.
  • Targeting structural and functional aspects of biofilms, such as the EPS matrix and QS, enhances treatment outcomes.
  • Combined approaches integrating nanotechnology show potential for overcoming antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle-based strategies offer a promising avenue for overcoming biofilm resistance.
  • Targeting biofilm-specific mechanisms like QS and dormant cells is essential for complete eradication.
  • Future research should focus on developing and refining these advanced therapeutic approaches for clinical application.