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Nanovesicles as Vanillin Carriers for Antimicrobial Applications.

Verdiana Marchianò1,2, Maria Matos1,3, Miriam López1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.

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Summary

Vanillin

Keywords:
antimicrobial propertiesencapsulationgelatin filmslyophilizationvanillinvesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Vanillin, a natural compound, possesses various beneficial properties but suffers from low bioavailability.
  • Nanomaterials offer a promising approach to enhance drug delivery systems.
  • Niosomes are effective carriers for improving the stability and delivery of active compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize vanillin-loaded niosomes using different surfactants and preparation methods.
  • To evaluate the stability and properties of vanillin-loaded niosomes after lyophilization.
  • To incorporate vanillin-loaded niosomes into gelatin films for potential food packaging applications.

Main Methods:

  • Niosomes were prepared using thin-film hydration (TFH) and ethanol injection (EIM) methods with Span60, CTAB, and SDS.
  • Niosomes were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential before and after lyophilization with maltodextrin.
  • Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) were determined. Gelatin films were prepared and characterized.

Main Results:

  • The TFH method yielded niosomes of 255 nm with high encapsulation efficiency (up to 40%) and loading capacity.
  • Lyophilization reduced loading capacity, but ionic surfactants mitigated this loss by up to 20%.
  • Negatively charged niosomes (SDS) incorporated into gelatin films improved film properties.

Conclusions:

  • Niosomes synthesized via TFH are effective carriers for vanillin, improving its properties.
  • Lyophilization is a viable method for preserving vanillin-loaded niosomes, especially with ionic surfactants.
  • Vanillin-loaded niosomes, particularly negatively charged ones, enhance the characteristics of biodegradable gelatin films for food packaging.