An Ultra-Compact 28 GHz Arc-Shaped Millimeter-Wave Antenna for 5G Application

Area of Science:

• Electrical Engineering
• Electromagnetics
• Antenna Theory

Background:

• The 5th generation (5G) network aims to deliver enhanced mobile broadband, low latency, and massive device connectivity.
• Millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, particularly in the 28 GHz band, are key for achieving 5G's high data rates.
• Compact and efficient antenna solutions are essential for integrating 5G technology into mobile devices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design and validate a highly compact arc-shaped monopole antenna for 5G millimeter-wave applications.
• To achieve resonance at 28 GHz with enhanced bandwidth and efficient performance.
• To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed antenna design through simulation and experimental verification.

Main Methods:

• Designed a circular monopole antenna with a radius of 1.3 mm.
• Incorporated an elliptical slot on the radiating plane to improve bandwidth and create new resonance.
• Optimized antenna dimensions to achieve ultra-compact size (5 × 3 × 1.6 mm³).
• Validated performance through electromagnetic simulations and experimental measurements of S11 parameters.

Main Results:

• The antenna resonates at 28 GHz within the 5G spectrum.
• Achieved an ultra-compact electrical size of 0.46λ × 0.28λ × 0.14λ.
• Obtained an impedance bandwidth of 15.73% (25.83-30.24 GHz).
• Demonstrated a radiation efficiency of 89% and an average gain of approximately 4 dB.
• Simulated and experimental S11 results showed good agreement.

Conclusions:

• The proposed arc-shaped antenna is a viable solution for 5G millimeter-wave communication systems.
• The ultra-compact size and enhanced bandwidth make it suitable for mobile devices.
• The design validates the effectiveness of using elliptical slots for performance improvement in mmWave antennas.