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p-Sulfonato-Calix[4]arene Micelles Stabilize a Povidone Iodine Solution: Supramolecular Interactions, Iodine

Rossella Migliore1, Loredana Ferreri1, Danilo Aleo2

  • 1Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-National Research Council (C.N.R.), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

This study shows a new micelle-forming compound (SC4OC6) stabilizes low-concentration povidone iodine (PVPI) antiseptic solutions. This innovation enhances iodine retention and formulation safety without compromising bactericidal effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Agents

Background:

  • Povidone iodine (PVPI) is a broad-spectrum antiseptic with potential irritant side-effects due to iodine.
  • Lowering PVPI concentration offers safer formulations, especially for sensitive applications like ophthalmology.
  • Iodine volatility poses challenges for storing low-concentration PVPI solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stabilizing effect of an amphiphilic p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene derivative (SC4OC6) on 0.1% PVPI solutions.
  • To elucidate the supramolecular interactions between SC4OC6 and PVPI.
  • To assess the impact of SC4OC6 on PVPI stability and antimicrobial efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy to characterize PVPI-SC4OC6 interactions.
  • Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering for nanoaggregate analysis.
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry to determine thermodynamic parameters.
  • Time-killing assays to evaluate bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Main Results:

  • SC4OC6 forms stable micelles that interact non-covalently with PVPI, creating negatively charged nanoaggregates.
  • Spectroscopic and scattering data confirmed supramolecular complex formation.
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry indicated an enthalpically favored self-assembly process.
  • The SC4OC6-PVPI complex enhanced iodine retention and solution stability.
  • Antimicrobial assays showed preserved bactericidal activity against S. epidermidis.

Conclusions:

  • SC4OC6 effectively stabilizes low-concentration PVPI solutions by forming supramolecular nanoaggregates.
  • This approach improves iodine retention and formulation stability.
  • The enhanced PVPI formulations maintain rapid and effective bactericidal action, offering a safer antiseptic option.
Keywords:
antibacterial activitymicellar aggregatenon-covalent interactionspovidone-iodinesulfonato-calix[4]arene

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