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Lomentospora prolificans Disseminated Infections: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases

Afroditi Konsoula1, Aris P Agouridis2,3, Lamprini Markaki4

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Sitia, 72300 Sitia, Greece.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Lomentospora prolificans, a rare fungus, causes severe disseminated infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. This review highlights its high mortality rate and diverse organ involvement, urging physician awareness.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Systematic Review

Background:

  • Lomentospora prolificans is a rare, highly virulent fungus.
  • It exhibits high intrinsic resistance to antifungals.
  • Associated with diverse infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review all evidence on Lomentospora prolificans disseminated infections.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on this rare fungal pathogen.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases up to July 2022.
  • Qualitative synthesis of published articles on human Lomentospora prolificans disseminated infections.

Main Results:

  • 87 studies and 142 cases of Lomentospora prolificans disseminated infections were identified.
  • Most frequent in Spain, Australia, USA, and Germany.
  • Commonly affected organs include lungs, CNS, skin, eyes, heart, and bones/joints.
  • High mortality rate of 87.3% observed.
  • Malignancy (72.5%) and neutropenia (52%) were common underlying conditions.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first systematic review on Lomentospora prolificans disseminated infections.
  • Physicians must recognize Lomentospora prolificans' potential for diverse, high-mortality infections.
  • Immunocompromised and neutropenic patients are primarily at risk.
Keywords:
Lomentospora prolificansdisseminationfungal infectionimmunocompromised

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