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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs
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A Micro-Configured Multiparticulate Reconstitutable Suspension Powder of Fixed Dose Rifampicin and Pyrazinamide:

Penelope N Rampedi1, Modupe O Ogunrombi2, James Wesley-Smith3

  • 1Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa.

Pharmaceutics
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Developing a palatable pediatric tuberculosis suspension addresses a critical need for effective child-friendly medication. This fixed-dose combination powder ensures accurate dosing for children and adolescents, improving tuberculosis management.

Keywords:
antituberculardesign of experimentsdosage formdry suspensionmultiparticulate drug carrieroral drug deliverypaediatricpharmaceutical formulationstuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Pediatric Pharmacology
  • Antimycobacterial Formulations

Background:

  • Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) management is hindered by a lack of age-appropriate pharmaceutical formulations.
  • Existing TB treatments often require dose adjustments or are unpalatable for children, impacting adherence.
  • Fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapies are crucial for simplifying treatment regimens in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a novel multiparticulate reconstitutable suspension powder containing fixed-dose rifampicin and pyrazinamide for pediatric tuberculosis treatment.
  • To assess the physicochemical stability, palatability, and biocompatibility of the developed oral suspension.
  • To ensure the formulation facilitates accurate and flexible dosing for children and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • A multiparticulate reconstitutable suspension powder was prepared using solid-liquid direct dispersion, timed dehydration, and mechanical pulverization.
  • Quality assessment included production yield, powder flow, suspension properties, drug loading, drug release kinetics (zero-order), and microscopic examination.
  • Physicochemical stability, organoleptic properties (taste, smell, appearance), cytotoxicity, and environmental stability were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The optimized formulation exhibited high production yield (96.000 ± 3.270%) and good powder flow (9.670 ± 1.150°).
  • The reconstituted suspension was non-Newtonian, easily redispersible, and demonstrated effective drug loading for rifampicin (97.610 ± 0.020%) and pyrazinamide (97.230 ± 2.570%).
  • The formulation was stable, biocompatible (cell viability >70.000%), palatable (taste 5.000 ± 0.000), and showed zero-order drug release kinetics (R2 = 0.990).

Conclusions:

  • A stable, palatable, and biocompatible fixed-dose combination (FDC) antimycobacterial reconstitutable oral suspension powder was successfully fabricated.
  • The formulation is suitable for flexible dosing in children and adolescents, addressing the critical need for age-appropriate tuberculosis medications.
  • This novel formulation has the potential to significantly improve tuberculosis management in pediatric populations.