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Setting-up an In Vitro Model of Rat Blood-brain Barrier BBB: A Focus on BBB Impermeability and Receptor-mediated Transport
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Advanced Blood-Brain Barrier Drug Delivery
1Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Pharmaceutics
|January 21, 2023
Summary
This special issue explores advanced strategies for delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier. It covers diverse methods for both small and large molecule therapeutics targeting brain diseases.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Neuroscience
- Biotechnology
Background:
- The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant hurdle for effective central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery.
- Developing advanced drug delivery systems is crucial for treating neurological disorders.
Discussion:
- This special issue compiles 16 articles and reviews on cutting-edge BBB drug delivery technologies.
- The content spans various approaches for both small-molecule and large-molecule therapeutics.
- Focus areas include novel carriers, targeted delivery, and overcoming biological barriers.
Key Insights:
- A comprehensive overview of current advancements in brain drug delivery is presented.
- The collection highlights innovative methods to enhance therapeutic efficacy for CNS conditions.
- Diverse strategies are discussed, catering to different therapeutic modalities.
Outlook:
- Future research will likely focus on refining these advanced delivery systems for clinical translation.
- Continued innovation in BBB drug delivery holds promise for improved treatments of brain disorders.
- The integration of multidisciplinary approaches will accelerate progress in neurotherapeutics.
Related Concept Videos
00:49The Blood-brain Barrier
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Overview
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01:25Physiological Barriers
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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
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01:23Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers
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Drug distribution in the body is intricately regulated by various physiological barriers that control the passage of substances. These include the capillary endothelial barrier, the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, blood-placental, and blood-testis barriers.
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
The...
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
The...
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01:29Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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01:24Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport
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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
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01:23Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport
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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
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