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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Compounds01:24

Molecular Compounds

3
Molecular CompoundsMolecular compounds form when two or more nonmetal atoms share electrons through covalent bonds. Unlike ionic compounds, where electrons are transferred, molecular compounds remain electrically neutral because electrons are shared equally or unequally between atoms.Common Examples of Molecular Compounds:Water (H₂O): Essential for life; it forms hydrogen bonds that give it unique properties.Carbon dioxide (CO₂): A gas used by plants in photosynthesis.Methane (CH₄): A...
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Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
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Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

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Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) as Multi-Target Multifunctional Frameworks.

Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari1, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Wahab Amjad3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.

Polymers
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are versatile, metal-free polymers with tunable properties. This review highlights their synthesis, applications in catalysis and remediation, and emerging roles in anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and wound healing biomaterials.

Keywords:
anticancercrystallinitydynamic covalent chemistryphotochemical synthesissonochemical synthesisstability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous polymers constructed from organic monomers linked by strong covalent bonds.
  • COFs offer tunable pore sizes, high chemical and thermal stability, and are metal-free, expanding their application potential.
  • Recent research explores COFs as advanced biomaterials with therapeutic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis and diverse applications of COFs.
  • To comprehensively discuss the use of COFs as biomaterials.
  • To highlight recent advancements in COF applications for health and medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of COF synthesis and characterization.
  • Analysis of reported applications in catalysis, environmental remediation, and sensing.
  • Detailed examination of COF studies in anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and wound healing contexts.

Main Results:

  • COFs demonstrate significant potential in catalysis, environmental remediation, and sensor technologies.
  • Several COFs exhibit promising anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activities.
  • Newly reported COFs show efficacy in anti-viral treatments and wound healing.

Conclusions:

  • COFs are highly adaptable materials with broad applications beyond traditional uses.
  • The biomaterial applications of COFs, particularly in medicine, are rapidly expanding.
  • COFs represent a promising class of materials for future therapeutic and regenerative medicine.