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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short...
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Galvanometer01:25

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Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform...
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Leveling Equipment

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As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...
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Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

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To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
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Meridians01:28

Meridians

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In surveying, meridians are vital reference lines to measure directions and establish accurate land orientations. Meridians run from the north to the south poles, providing a stable framework for angular measurements and mapping. Meridians are fundamental in survey design, with the primary types being astronomic, magnetic, and assumed meridians. Each type offers distinct benefits and limitations, selected based on the project's scale and precision needs.The astronomic meridian is aligned with...
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Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

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A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
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A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
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A Moving Magnetic Grid-Type Long-Range Linear Absolute Displacement Sensor.

Zhen Zhang1, Lei Wang1, Bingzhang Cao1

  • 1School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

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|January 21, 2023
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This study introduces a new cable-free magnetic grid sensor for long-range absolute displacement measurement. It offers improved flexibility and measurement range compared to traditional sensors.

Keywords:
absolute displacement sensorhall sensor arraymoving magnetic gridpermanent magnet array

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Area of Science:

  • Sensor Technology
  • Magnetics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Traditional magnetic absolute linear displacement sensors face limitations in flexibility and measurement range due to cable constraints in linear motor systems.
  • These limitations hinder performance in applications requiring extensive linear motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel cable-free, moving magnetic grid-type sensor for long-range absolute displacement measurement.
  • To overcome the shortcomings associated with cable-dependent sensor designs in linear motor transmission systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a sensor comprising a moving magnetic grid with two rows of permanent magnet arrays and a fixed signal acquisition board with Hall sensor arrays.
  • Analyzed the sensor's principle utilizing 2D magnetic field signals for relative displacement measurement.
  • Proposed a measurement method for absolute displacement detection over multiple cycles using Hall sensor arrays for coding.

Main Results:

  • Fabricated a sensor prototype and conducted experimental validation.
  • Achieved a measurement resolution of 5 μm and a measurement accuracy of ±14.8 μm.
  • Demonstrated a measurement range of 0-98.3 mm.

Conclusions:

  • The novel cable-free sensor effectively enables continuous absolute displacement measurement over extended ranges.
  • The proposed design overcomes cable binding issues, enhancing flexibility and measurement range in linear motor applications.
  • The sensor achieves high resolution and accuracy, suitable for demanding industrial applications.