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Angle-Only Cooperative Orbit Determination Considering Attitude Uncertainty.

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  • 1School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

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Summary

This study introduces cooperative orbit determination using inter-spacecraft angle measurements, incorporating observer spacecraft attitude. Results show angle-only data is insufficient alone but improves with perturbations or maneuvers.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Spacecraft dynamics and control
  • Astrodynamics
  • Satellite navigation

Background:

  • Cooperative orbit determination (OD) traditionally focuses on estimating orbit states.
  • Incorporating observer spacecraft attitude into OD is a novel approach.
  • Inter-spacecraft angle-only measurements present unique challenges for simultaneous orbit and attitude estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel concept for cooperative orbit determination using inter-spacecraft angle-only measurements.
  • To analyze the observability of a two-spacecraft system considering both orbit and attitude states.
  • To investigate methods for improving observability in such systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a cooperative orbit determination framework incorporating observer attitude.
  • Analysis of system observability using the observability matrix for a two-spacecraft system.
  • Simulation of orbit estimation under various conditions, including attitude uncertainty.

Main Results:

  • Inter-spacecraft angle-only measurements are insufficient for estimating both attitude and orbit states in a two-body system.
  • Observability can be enhanced by considering high-order gravitational perturbations.
  • Executing an attitude maneuver on the observer spacecraft also improves system observability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method effectively estimates orbit states when attitude uncertainty is considered.
  • The findings are crucial for autonomous spacecraft constellation and formation management.
  • This research pioneers the analysis of observability and orbit estimation for two-spacecraft systems with attitude uncertainty.