Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

12.3K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.3K
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

120
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
120
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

10.1K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
10.1K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

2.0K
2.0K
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

159
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
159
Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

217
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
217

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Highly stretchable nanocomposite piezofibers: a step forward into practical applications in biomedical devices.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2024
Same author

A Honeybee-Inspired Framework for a Smart City Free of Internet Scams.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Bending Analysis of Polymer-Based Flexible Antennas for Wearable, General IoT Applications: A Review.

Polymers·2021
Same author

Advances in Wearable Sensors: Signalling the Provenance of Garments Using Radio Frequency Watermarks.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

A Multi-User, Single-Authentication Protocol for Smart Grid Architectures.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Use Of Smartphones for Ensuring Vulnerable Road User Safety through Path Prediction and Early Warning: An In-Depth Review of Capabilities, Limitations and Their Applications in Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

Published on: November 26, 2019

8.1K

Enhanced Message Replication Technique for DTN Routing Protocols.

Siham Hasan1, Meisam Sharifi Sani2, Saeid Iranmanesh2

  • 1Faculty of Technology, De Montfort University, Gateway House, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Enhanced Message Replication Technique (EMRT) optimizes message delivery in delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) by dynamically adjusting message copies. This improves delivery rates and reduces latency in resource-constrained environments.

Keywords:
DTN routingad hoc networkscongestion controldelay-tolerant networknetwork congestionwireless networks

More Related Videos

Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation
08:08

Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation

Published on: July 8, 2011

20.5K
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

632

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

Published on: November 26, 2019

8.1K
Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation
08:08

Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation

Published on: July 8, 2011

20.5K
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

632

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Engineering

Background:

  • Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) lack continuous connectivity, requiring store-carry-forward mechanisms.
  • Traditional flooding methods are resource-intensive, while quota-based protocols face delivery and latency challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Enhanced Message Replication Technique (EMRT) for optimizing message dissemination in DTNs.
  • To improve the efficiency and performance of existing quota-based routing protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Developed EMRT to dynamically adjust message replica counts based on node dissemination capabilities.
  • Integrated EMRT with Spray and Wait, Encounter-Based Routing (EBR), and Destination-Based Routing Protocol (DBRP).
  • Evaluated performance through simulations considering factors like connections, buffer size, TTL, and energy.

Main Results:

  • EMRT application significantly improved delivery ratios across all tested protocols.
  • EMRT led to substantial reductions in average latency.
  • Overhead ratios were also positively impacted by the EMRT integration.

Conclusions:

  • EMRT enhances the performance of quota-based DTN routing protocols.
  • Dynamic replication strategies are effective for improving DTN efficiency.
  • The technique offers a promising solution for reliable communication in challenging network conditions.