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Growth, Pathogenesis, and Serological Characteristics of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype IV Recent Strain

Shigeru Tajima1, Takahiro Maeki1, Eri Nakayama1

  • 1Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.

Viruses
|January 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Genotype IV Japanese encephalitis virus (GIV JEV), a neglected strain, shows intermediate growth and varying neuroinvasiveness. Further research is needed to fully understand GIV JEV characteristics and its implications for Japanese encephalitis.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Genotype IV Japanese encephalitis virus (GIV JEV) is the least common and most neglected genotype.
  • Understanding GIV JEV's characteristics is crucial for disease control and vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the growth and pathogenic potential of the GIV strain 19CxBa-83-Cv isolated in Indonesia.
  • To conduct serological analyses of GIV JEV and its interaction with existing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strains and vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro cell culture growth assays (Vero and mouse neuroblastoma cells).
  • In vivo mouse models to assess neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence.
  • Serological analysis of neutralizing antibody titers against different JEV genotypes.

Main Results:

  • The GIV JEV strain 19CxBa-83-Cv exhibited intermediate growth in Vero cells and faster growth in mouse neuroblastoma cells compared to genotype V (GV) strain Muar.
  • Neuroinvasiveness of 19CxBa-83-Cv in mice was higher than genotype I (GI) strain Mie/41/2002 but lower than Muar; neurovirulence was similar across strains.
  • Neutralizing antibody titers varied, with lower responses against the GV strain Muar and reduced efficacy of JE vaccines against GIV JEV and GV strains compared to GI strain.

Conclusions:

  • The GIV JEV strain 19CxBa-83-Cv possesses distinct growth and pathogenic characteristics.
  • Current JE vaccines may have reduced efficacy against GIV JEV and GV strains, highlighting the need for updated or broader-spectrum vaccines.
  • Further research is essential to fully elucidate the epidemiology and public health impact of GIV JEV.
Keywords:
Japanese encephalitis virusgenotype IVpathogenicityserology

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