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Related Experiment Videos

Blood studies and performance among calves reared by different methods.

W O Reece1, D K Hotchkiss

  • 1Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.

Journal of Dairy Science
|August 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Calf feeding methods impact growth and health. Milk replacer with freedom of movement improved weight gain and carcass quality, while nursing calves showed higher lymphocyte and neutrophil counts.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Nutritional Physiology

Background:

  • Optimizing calf nutrition is crucial for livestock industry success.
  • Understanding the impact of feeding strategies on calf health and performance is essential.
  • Limited research exists on comparing milk replacer and solid feed with varying mobility for young calves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of different calf feeding regimens on growth, health, and blood parameters.
  • To evaluate the influence of restricted versus free movement on calves fed milk replacer.
  • To assess the performance of calves on milk replacer compared to those on a traditional hay, grain, and water diet.

Main Methods:

  • Three feeding groups were established: milk replacer with restricted movement, milk replacer with freedom of movement, and a traditional diet (hay, grain, water) with freedom of movement.

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  • Acid-base balance was measured in resting calves.
  • Iron deficiency anemia was monitored.
  • Growth performance (average daily gain), carcass grade, and sale price were assessed.
  • A fourth group of calves nursing cows was included for comparison of immune cell counts.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in resting acid-base balance were observed across groups.
    • Calves fed milk replacer with freedom of movement exhibited superior average daily gain, carcass grade, and sale price compared to those with restricted movement.
    • Iron deficiency, microcytic, hypochromic anemia developed in calves exclusively fed milk replacer.
    • Calves nursing cows had significantly higher absolute lymphocyte and neutrophil counts than calves in the other three groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Freedom of movement enhances the performance of calves on milk replacer diets.
    • Milk replacer-only diets can lead to iron deficiency anemia, necessitating careful monitoring or supplementation.
    • Calves nursing dams exhibit a distinct immune profile, suggesting benefits of natural feeding for immune development.