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Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
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Arrested Phase Separation Enables High-Performance Keratoprostheses.

Jiageng Pan1, Wang Zhang2, Jin Zhu2

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Gangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

New keratoprostheses overcome donor shortages by controlling hydrogel structure for optimal permeability and transparency. These artificial corneas offer a promising alternative to corneal transplantation.

Keywords:
hydrogelskeratoprosthesesphase separationpoly(vinyl alcohol)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Ophthalmology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Corneal transplantation faces challenges including donor scarcity, immune rejection, and ethical concerns.
  • Existing artificial corneas (keratoprostheses) aim to address these limitations but require improvements in optical clarity, mechanical strength, permeability, and processability.
  • Achieving both high permeability and transparency in keratoprostheses has been a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel keratoprosthesis with optimized multiscale structure that reconciles permeability and transparency.
  • To investigate the relationship between arrested phase separation and the resulting material properties.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the developed keratoprosthesis in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermally treating a dense, transparent hydrophobic association hydrogel to control arrested phase separation.
  • Examining multiscale structure evolution during hydrothermal treatment to understand pore formation dynamics.
  • Conducting in vivo tests to assess the keratoprosthesis's ability to repair corneal perforation and restore vision.

Main Results:

  • Controlled arrested phase separation yielded an optimized multiscale structure, achieving both high permeability and transparency.
  • The hydrothermal treatment process led to time-dependent pore growth due to the slow dynamics of the polymer-rich phase.
  • In vivo tests demonstrated effective corneal repair and vision restoration, comparable to corneal allografts.
  • The keratoprosthesis showed potential as a temporary substitute for corneal allografts in emergencies.

Conclusions:

  • Rational control of arrested phase separation in hydrophobic association hydrogels is a viable strategy for creating advanced keratoprostheses.
  • The developed keratoprosthesis offers a promising solution to limitations in corneal transplantation, providing excellent optical and mechanical properties.
  • This artificial cornea is a convenient and accessible option, particularly for emergency situations requiring temporary corneal replacement.