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Virtual reality for pain control during shock wave lithotripsy: a randomized controlled study.

Laurens Weynants1,2, Brecht Chys3, Pieter D'hulst3

  • 1Department of Urology, AZ Sint-Lucas Ghent, Groenebriel 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. Weynants.laurens@gmail.com.

World Journal of Urology
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Virtual reality (VR) significantly reduced pain during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). While VR allowed for higher energy delivery, it did not improve clinical success rates.

Keywords:
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyPainRandomized controlled studyVirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Pain Management
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is an outpatient procedure.
  • Patients undergoing SWL may experience significant pain.
  • Current pain management strategies for SWL are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) in reducing patient-reported pain during SWL.
  • To determine if VR use leads to higher energy levels and improved clinical outcomes in SWL.
  • To assess patient comfort levels during SWL with and without VR.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled study (RCT) comparing SWL with VR versus SWL without VR.
  • 166 patients were randomized 1:1 into two groups.
  • Primary outcome: pain levels (VAS-scores); Secondary outcomes: comfort (Likert-scale), clinical success, and delivered energy.

Main Results:

  • Patients in the VR group reported significantly lower pain levels (mean VAS 4.01) compared to the control group (mean VAS 4.94; p=0.011).
  • The VR group received significantly higher total delivered energy (55.2 J) than the control group (48.8 J; p=0.037).
  • No significant differences were observed in comfort levels or clinical success rates between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual reality is an effective tool for pain relief during SWL.
  • VR enables higher energy delivery during SWL without compromising patient comfort.
  • While VR improves pain and energy delivery, it did not translate to enhanced clinical success in this study.