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Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames?
Matteo Augello1, Valeria Bono1, Roberta Rovito1
1Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|January 21, 2023
Summary
People with HIV (PLWH) may face worse COVID-19 outcomes and weaker immune responses to infection and vaccines, especially with uncontrolled HIV. Prioritizing vaccination and careful follow-up is crucial for this vulnerable group.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 are major global pandemics.
- People living with HIV (PLWH) may have persistent immune dysfunction despite treatment.
- Concerns exist regarding increased COVID-19 severity and vaccine response in PLWH.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the interaction between HIV and SARS-CoV-2.
- To focus on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in PLWH.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on COVID-19 in PLWH.
- Analysis of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
- Assessment of COVID-19 outcomes and sequelae in PLWH.
Main Results:
- Worse COVID-19 outcomes and lower immune responses observed in PLWH with low CD4+ T-cell counts or uncontrolled HIV.
- Scarce data suggests a potentially higher incidence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in PLWH.
- Poor immunovirological control is linked to weak immune responses and adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
Conclusions:
- PLWH with poor immune control require prioritized vaccination and potentially additional doses.
- Enhanced and prolonged follow-up is recommended for PLWH after COVID-19 due to potential long-term risks.
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