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Passive exoskeletons alter low back load transfer mechanism.

Hanbo Zou1, Jiwon Choi1, Sang Hyeon Kang1

  • 1Majoring in Industrial Data Science & Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Biomechanics
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Passive back-support exoskeletons reduce lumbar erector spinae (LES) muscle activity and limit lumbar flexion. This study shows exoskeletons decrease load on both active and passive low-back tissues during trunk movements.

Keywords:
Flexion-relaxation phenomenonFull flexionLow-back painLumbar flexion anglePassive exoskeletons

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Ergonomics
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Previous research on passive back-support exoskeletons primarily focused on active low-back tissue.
  • The load transfer mechanism between active and passive tissues in the low back requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effect of passive back-support exoskeletons on the load transfer mechanism between active and passive low-back tissues.
  • To quantify the impact of exoskeletons on lumbar muscle activity and trunk kinematics.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve healthy males performed trunk flexion-extension movements with and without two types of exoskeletons (backX, CoreBot) under varying loads (0, 4, 8 kg).
  • Body kinematics and electromyography (EMG) of the lumbar erector spinae (LES) were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Exoskeleton use significantly reduced average LES muscle activity (5.9%MVC with backX, 3.3%MVC with CoreBot).
  • Exoskeletons induced an earlier onset of the flexion-relaxation phenomenon, allowing LES to relax sooner.
  • Maximum lumbar flexion angle decreased, suggesting reduced stress on passive low-back tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Passive back-support exoskeletons effectively reduce load on both active (muscular) and passive (spinal structures) tissues in the low back.
  • Exoskeletons can mitigate the risk of low-back injury by altering biomechanical load distribution.