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Mean affect and affect variability may interact to predict inflammation.

Dusti R Jones1, John M Ruiz2, Hannah M C Schreier1

  • 1The Pennsylvania State University, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Greater emotional fluctuations (affect variability) are linked to inflammation, but this connection depends on average emotional levels. High average positive or negative affect amplifies inflammation risk, while low average affect may show a protective effect against inflammation.

Keywords:
Affect dynamicsCytokinesEcological momentary assessmentEmotion variabilityInflammationNegative emotionPositive emotion

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychoneuroimmunology
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Affect variability, or moment-to-moment emotional fluctuations, is linked to emotional dysregulation and increased systemic inflammation.
  • Systemic inflammation is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Previous research suggests affect variability's impact on health may depend on average affect levels, potentially in non-linear ways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the moderating role of average positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) levels on the association between affect variability and systemic inflammation.
  • To examine whether the relationship between affect variability (PA and NA) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) is influenced by the average intensity of these affects.

Main Methods:

  • 300 participants provided blood samples for inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) and completed a two-day ecological momentary assessment for affect.
  • Average affect (iM) and affect variability (iSD) for PA and NA were calculated from EMA data.
  • Linear and quadratic interaction models were used to test the moderation effects, controlling for sex, race, and BMI.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction was found between average NA and NA variability predicting TNF-α.
  • A significant interaction was observed between average PA and PA variability predicting IL-6.
  • These interactions indicated that the link between affect variability and inflammation was positive for individuals with higher average affect and negative for those with lower average affect.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between average affect levels and affect variability is crucial for understanding the relationship between emotions and inflammation.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering both the intensity and fluctuation of emotions in relation to inflammatory processes and cardiovascular risk.