Is COVID-19 severity unrelated to antinuclear antibodies?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces an overreaction of the immune system, resulting in the production of auto-antibodies. Several studies have reported that autoantibodies are prevalent in COVID-19 patients. In our study, antinuclear antibodies were evaluated in patients with COVID-19. We examined 131 sera from patients (>17-year-old) with confirmed COVID-19. Samples were collected prior to receiving any medication and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) levels were measured by the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) method. Furthermore, the immunoblotting test was used to determine the presence of anti-nuclear antigen antibodies. The IIF-ANA test was positive in 36.4% (48/131) of patients. Overall, non-ICU patients had higher IIF-ANA titers than ICU patients. In particular, ICU patients had fewer nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitotic IIF-ANA antibodies than non-ICU patients. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients frequently have ANA possibly reflecting the immune dysregulation due to several damaged cells by SARS-CoV-2 virus.