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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
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Personal Perspective on Strain-Induced Polymer Crystallization.

Wenbing Hu1

  • 1Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strain-induced crystallization is key to strong and tough semicrystalline polymers. This study explores the thermodynamics and kinetics of this process, revealing how molecular structure impacts material properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Semicrystalline polymers gain strength and toughness through processing methods like fiber spinning and film stretching.
  • Strain-induced crystallization is the fundamental mechanism behind these enhanced mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a personal perspective on the thermodynamics and kinetics of strain-induced polymer crystallization.
  • To elucidate the relationship between molecular-level structure evolution and macroscopic material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Thermodynamic analysis of homopolymers, random copolymers, solution polymers, and blend polymers.
  • Kinetic studies examining crystal nucleation, growth, and postgrowth stages.
  • Investigation of molecular structure evolution and resulting polymer crystal morphologies.

Main Results:

  • Thermodynamic driving forces and kinetic barriers dictate nucleation mechanisms and structure evolution.
  • Unique polymer crystal morphologies, including lamellar, shish-kebab, and fibril crystals, are formed.
  • The relationship between semicrystalline structures and mechanical properties was analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • Strain-induced crystallization is a complex process governed by both thermodynamic and kinetic factors.
  • Understanding these factors allows for the prediction and control of polymer crystal structures.
  • The resulting structures have significant implications for tailoring the mechanical performance of polymer products.