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A step toward bio-inspired dental composites.

Janine Tiu1, Renan Belli1, Ulrich Lohbauer1

  • 1Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Zahnklinik 1 - Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie, Forschungslabor für dentale Biomaterialien, Erlangen, Germany.

Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a biomimetic composite material using aligned glass flakes in polymer resin. The novel material demonstrated enhanced fracture toughness and R-curve behavior, showing potential for improved dental restorative materials.

Keywords:
Composite materialsR-curvebioinspirationbiomaterialsdental materialsmechanical properties

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetics
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Nacre, a natural composite, exhibits exceptional mechanical properties due to its layered structure.
  • Conventional dental composites often lack sufficient fracture toughness, limiting their longevity.
  • Biomimetic approaches offer a promising avenue for developing advanced composite materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and assess a novel composite material with aligned glass flakes in a polymer resin matrix.
  • To investigate the toughening mechanisms and fracture behavior of this biomimetic composite.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of using flake reinforcement for dental composite applications.

Main Methods:

  • An adapted pressing method was used to align glass flakes within a polymer resin monomer system.
  • Anisotropic composites with silanized and non-silanized glass flakes were fabricated.
  • Fracture toughness tests were conducted to evaluate the material's resistance curve (R-curve) behavior.

Main Results:

  • The composite exhibited significant R-curve behavior, with increasing fracture toughness upon crack extension.
  • Silanized specimens showed higher stress intensity (K_R), while non-silanized specimens displayed a more pronounced nonlinear J-integral R-curve (J_R).
  • Primary toughening mechanisms included crack deviation and branching, leading to improved crack growth resistance compared to conventional composites.

Conclusions:

  • The developed anisotropic, nacre-inspired composite shows elevated toughening potential and a prominent R-curve effect.
  • The study demonstrates the feasibility of flake reinforcement for dental composites using an efficient method.
  • This biomimetic reinforcement concept could guide future advancements in dental restorative materials.