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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Metaplasticity framework for cross-modal synaptic plasticity in adults.

Hey-Kyoung Lee1

  • 1The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sensory loss triggers cross-modal plasticity in primary sensory cortices, enhancing spared senses. The sliding threshold metaplasticity model explains these adult neural adaptations.

Keywords:
LTDLTPadult plasticitycortical plasticitycross-modal plasticityhomeostatic synaptic plasticitysensory experiencesliding threshold

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory processing
  • Neural plasticity

Background:

  • Sensory loss induces neural circuit adaptations, known as cross-modal plasticity, to improve remaining sensory function.
  • This plasticity is often seen in primary sensory cortices, not just multisensory areas, and enhances spared senses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize cellular and molecular mechanisms of cross-modal plasticity in adult primary sensory cortices.
  • To evaluate the sliding threshold metaplasticity model for understanding these mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional imaging studies in humans.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of the sliding threshold metaplasticity model.

Main Results:

  • Cross-modal plasticity occurs in adult primary sensory cortices without anatomical changes, suggesting functional plasticity.
  • Activity-dependent homeostatic and Hebbian mechanisms are involved.
  • The sliding threshold metaplasticity model offers a dynamic framework for optimizing neural feature selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Adult cross-modal plasticity in primary sensory cortices is functionally driven.
  • The sliding threshold metaplasticity model provides a valuable framework for understanding these adaptive neural mechanisms.