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Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Econometric Views, often stylized as EViews, is a package that merges statistical analysis with econometric studies. It is designed to provide tools for time series analysis, forecasting, and econometric model simulation. The software originated from MicroTSP software and has evolved significantly since its inception in 1981. The history of EViews is marked by a continuous effort to enhance its computational speed and user interface. It was initially developed for large computing systems but...
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Stereotype Content Model02:16

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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation01:09

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The empirical rule, also known as the three-sigma rule, allows a statistician to interpret the standard deviation in a normally distributed dataset. The rule states that 68% of the data lies within one standard deviation from the mean, 95% lies within two standard deviations from the mean, and 99.7% lies within three standard deviations from the mean. Additionally, this rule is also called the 68-95-99.7 rule.
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Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
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Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

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ESGs and Customer Choice: Some Empirical Evidence.

Paraskevi Boufounou1, Ιlias Moustairas1, Kanellos Toudas2

  • 1Department of Economics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1, Sophocleous Str, 105 59, Athens, Greece.

Circular Economy and Sustainability
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Company performance on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators significantly impacts consumer choices, especially environmental and social factors. Regional differences also influence which ESG aspects customers prioritize, with no major COVID-19 effect observed.

Keywords:
Customer choiceESG indicatorsSustainable development

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Area of Science:

  • Business Administration
  • Consumer Behavior
  • Sustainability Studies

Background:

  • Growing importance of corporate social responsibility and sustainability.
  • Need to understand consumer decision-making in relation to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors.
  • Potential impact of global events like the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer priorities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ESG performance influences customer choice in Greece.
  • To identify the most impactful ESG indicators on consumer decisions.
  • To assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and regional/demographic factors on ESG indicator hierarchy.

Main Methods:

  • Primary data collection through a questionnaire survey in Greece.
  • Analysis of consumer responses regarding company ESG performance.
  • Comparative analysis of regional and demographic influences on consumer preferences.

Main Results:

  • ESG performance significantly influences consumer choice, with environmental and social indicators being most important.
  • Social indicators are valued by both urban and suburban consumers.
  • Urban consumers prioritize governance, while suburban consumers prioritize environmental indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Company ESG performance is a key driver of consumer choice, particularly environmental and social aspects.
  • Consumer preferences for ESG indicators vary based on location (urban vs. suburban).
  • While COVID-19 did not significantly alter the hierarchy, it reinforced the importance of social indicators.