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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Association between circulating resistin levels and thyroid dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lin Zhou1,2, Kang Song2, Wei Luo2

  • 1Department of Postgraduate, Qinghai University, Xining, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Resistin levels are elevated in thyroid dysfunction and decrease after treatment. Higher resistin correlates with increased free triiodothyronine (FT3) in these patients, suggesting a link between resistin and thyroid hormone regulation.

Keywords:
hyperthyroidismhypothyroidismmeta-analysisresistinthyroid dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Resistin, an adipokine from adipose tissue, influences appetite, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and immunity, similar to thyroid hormones.
  • Thyroid dysfunction impacts metabolic processes and hormone regulation.
  • This study investigates the association between resistin levels and thyroid dysfunction.

Approach:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.
  • Searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases until June 15, 2022.
  • Included 14 studies with 1716 participants, analyzing resistin levels in thyroid dysfunction and euthyroid controls.

Key Points:

  • Resistin levels were significantly higher in patients with thyroid dysfunction compared to euthyroid controls (MD = 2.11).
  • Elevated resistin was observed in hyperthyroidism (MD = 3.23) and subclinical hypothyroidism (MD = 1.37).
  • Resistin levels decreased significantly after treatment for thyroid dysfunction (MD = 1.00), particularly in hyperthyroidism (MD = 2.16).

Conclusions:

  • Resistin levels are significantly elevated in individuals with thyroid dysfunction.
  • Treatment of thyroid dysfunction leads to a significant reduction in resistin levels.
  • A positive correlation exists between resistin and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels in patients with thyroid dysfunction.