Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

34.9K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
34.9K
Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context01:22

Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context

152
Lev Vygotsky, a pioneering Russian psychologist, developed a theory of cognitive development that centers on the influence of social and cultural factors. Unlike Jean Piaget, who emphasized the child's direct interaction with the physical world as key to development, Vygotsky argued that cognitive growth is an interpersonal process that unfolds within a cultural context. For Vygotsky, a child's learning cannot be separated from their social environment, which includes the values,...
152
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

50.2K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
50.2K
Ecological Organization01:26

Ecological Organization

Ecological OrganizationEcological organization refers to the hierarchical structure of ecosystems, which organizes life from individual organisms to the entire biosphere. The levels of ecological organization include organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere. Each level represents increasing complexity, showcasing how living organisms interact with each other and with their environment to maintain ecological balance.Science and Engineering Practices (SEP): Analyzing and...
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

14.3K
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
14.3K
Conformity01:20

Conformity

45.3K
Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if that person does not agree with the group.
45.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Can models of evolutionary transition clarify the debates over the Neolithic Revolution?

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2023
Same author

Re-situations of scientific knowledge: a case study of a skirmish over clusters vs clines in human population genomics.

History and philosophy of the life sciences·2022
Same author

Science and Sentiment: Grinnell's Fact-Based Philosophy of Biodiversity Conservation.

Journal of the history of biology·2017
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

9.4K

Scaffolding individuality: coordination, cooperation, collaboration and community.

James Griesemer1, Ayelet Shavit2,3

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary transitions (ET) are explained non-circularly by focusing on interactions that build collective individuality. This framework helps understand major evolutionary shifts and inherited information systems.

Keywords:
3CsMLS1MLS2evolutionary transitionreproducerunit of selection

More Related Videos

Group Synchronization During Collaborative Drawing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
07:53

Group Synchronization During Collaborative Drawing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: August 5, 2022

2.1K
Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture
14:49

Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

Published on: November 7, 2013

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 13, 2025

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

9.4K
Group Synchronization During Collaborative Drawing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
07:53

Group Synchronization During Collaborative Drawing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: August 5, 2022

2.1K
Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture
14:49

Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

Published on: November 7, 2013

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Theoretical biology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Evolutionary transitions (ET) are challenging to study without circularity, as key features like units of selection and individuality are products of the transition itself.
  • Existing frameworks struggle to define ET without referring to its outcomes, leading to conceptual difficulties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a non-circular framework for understanding evolutionary transitions (ET).
  • To identify necessary interactions for ET that differ from interactions within existing units.
  • To propose a theoretical perspective applicable across diverse evolutionary scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Describing ET by analyzing the nature of interactions among community members.
  • Characterizing an idealized sequence of collective processes: coordination, cooperation, and collaboration (3Cs).
  • Examining developmental interactions and their role in scaffolding new levels of individuality and inheritance systems.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific types of interactions necessary for ET that are not present within the constituent units.
  • Proposed that reproducing systems hybridize with environmental components via eco-devo scaffolding interactions, forming communities.
  • Demonstrated that communities can develop their own inheritance systems, becoming individuals at a higher level.

Conclusions:

  • Treating individuality as a special case of collectivity offers significant explanatory benefits for understanding ET.
  • The coordination, cooperation, and collaboration (3Cs) sequence scaffolds transitions to new collective individuality.
  • Developmental interactions are crucial drivers for both new levels of individuality and inherited information systems during ET.