Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

23.1K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
23.1K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.0K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
6.0K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

42.4K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
42.4K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

12.6K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
12.6K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

17.8K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
17.8K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.4K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of a One-Week Bioengineering Outreach Activity on the Academic Perceptions and Motivation of High School Students.

Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·2026
Same author

Comparative Analysis of Data Augmentation Approaches for Blood Pressure Prediction.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same author

Predictive Modeling of Blood Pressure Progression.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same author

Living in the vicinity of pesticide-treated crop fields: Exploring associated perceptions and psychological aspects in relation to self-reported and registry-based health symptoms.

BMC psychology·2024
Same author

Far-UV-C irradiation promotes synergistic bactericidal action against adhered cells of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The Science of the total environment·2024
Same author

The impact of potassium peroxymonosulphate and chlorinated cyanurates on biofilms of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>: effects on biofilm control, regrowth, and mechanical properties.

Biofouling·2023
Same journal

Predicting Nirmatrelvir Resistance in SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> Mutants with an Integrated Computational Framework.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

From Cation Solvation to Anion Coordination: Lewis-Acidic Boranes Enable Halide Salt Electrolytes.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

In Vitro-Prepared A30P Alpha-Synuclein Fibrils Adopt the Conserved and Disease-Relevant Greek Key Fold.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Metastructure Analysis of Self-Assembled Nanocubes with Different Equatorial Methyl Groups Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

A Cocoordinated <sup>1</sup>H Internal Reference Quantifies Proton-Exchange Bias in Coordinated-Water Diffusion.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Electrolyte-Dependent Coordination Site Dynamics for Redox Mediator Design in Lithium-O<sub>2</sub> Batteries: Exchange vs Rearrangement.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.2K

Liquid Water: A Single Approach to Its Two Continuous Phase Transitions.

M Simões1, A Steudel1, A P R Santos1

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, 86051-990Londrina, PR, Brazil.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study unifies water

More Related Videos

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.4K
Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.2K
Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.4K
Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Liquid water exhibits complex phase transitions, including liquid-gas and liquid-liquid.
  • Existing models often treat these transitions separately.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single thermodynamic formalism for continuous phase transitions in liquid water.
  • To integrate the two-liquid model (TLM) with van der Waals' concept of excluded volume.

Main Methods:

  • Applied fundamental thermodynamics.
  • Combined the two-liquid model (TLM) with a thermal-dependent excluded volume (v_ex).
  • Separated system thermodynamics into cluster and internal structure components.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that TLM naturally incorporates an extensive, thermal-dependent excluded volume.
  • Showed that mechanical instability yields two critical points, not one.
  • Unified the description of liquid-gas and liquid-liquid transitions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed formalism provides a unified framework for water's phase transitions.
  • The concept of thermal-dependent excluded volume is key to this unification.
  • The findings offer new insights into water's anomalous behavior.