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Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Advances in HIV Research Using Mass Cytometry.

Ashley F George1,2, Nadia R Roan3,4

  • 1Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
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Advances in Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight (CyTOF) and high-dimensional analysis enhance understanding of HIV infection, revealing insights into viral persistence, pathogenesis, and immune responses.

Keywords:
CyTOFHIV-1NK cellsPP-SLIDET cellsViral remodeling

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Mass Cytometry: Protocol for Daily Tuning and Running Cell Samples on a CyTOF Mass Cytometer
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding HIV pathogenesis, persistence, and immune evasion is crucial for developing effective treatments and cures.
  • High-dimensional single-cell analysis technologies are revolutionizing our ability to dissect complex biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight (CyTOF) and advanced analytical methods have improved the understanding of HIV biology.
  • To highlight key findings regarding HIV transmission, pathogenesis, viral reservoirs, and host immune responses.
  • To underscore the translational potential of these technologies in HIV research.

Main Methods:

  • Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight (CyTOF) for high-dimensional single-cell analysis.
  • Advanced computational and statistical methods for analyzing complex datasets.
  • Application of these methods to studies of HIV-infected cells and immune responses in various infection contexts.

Main Results:

  • CyTOF elucidates differences between HIV-permissive and latently infected cells, and HIV-induced cellular remodeling.
  • Identified factors contributing to the persistence of long-term HIV reservoirs in blood and tissues.
  • Detailed the impact of HIV on the immune system during uncontrolled and controlled infections.
  • Revealed host antigen remodeling by HIV and features of HIV-infected cells promoting survival and persistence.
  • Characterized immune cells capable of responding to and controlling HIV replication.

Conclusions:

  • CyTOF and high-dimensional analysis provide powerful tools for in-depth assessment of HIV-infected cells and immune responses.
  • These technologies offer critical insights into HIV pathogenesis, persistence, and immune dynamics.
  • Future applications in cohort studies can identify biomarkers for HIV eradication or control, advancing translational research.