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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

8.9K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

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How does precursor RNA structure influence RNA processing and gene expression?

Austin Herbert1, Abigail Hatfield1, Lela Lackey1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University Center for Human Genetics, Greenwood, SC, U.S.A.

Bioscience Reports
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newly discovered RNA structures influence precursor RNA processing, impacting gene expression and offering therapeutic targets. Understanding these dynamic structures is key to advancing molecular biology and disease treatment.

Keywords:
RNA structurealternative splicingpolyadenylationprecursor RNAsplicingtranscription

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a vital biomolecule with diverse cellular functions.
  • RNA's inherent flexibility allows it to fold into complex, dynamic structures.
  • Advances in technology and computation have led to a surge in available RNA structural data.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on human nascent RNA structure.
  • It examines the impact of RNA structure on precursor RNA processing pathways.
  • The review highlights how nascent RNA structures influence splicing and polyadenylation.

Key Points:

  • Nascent RNA structure is crucial for RNA processing, affecting mature RNA isoform composition.
  • Studying nascent RNA structure is challenging due to low abundance and long lengths.
  • Known RNA structures serve as models for understanding other nascent RNAs and their functions.

Conclusions:

  • RNA structures play a significant role in regulating gene expression.
  • Novel RNA structures can influence critical processing events like splicing and polyadenylation.
  • Targeting RNA structures offers potential therapeutic strategies for various diseases.